摘 要

2008年世界金融危机爆发以来，中国各类中小企业接连受创，造船业作为我国支柱产业首当其冲，尤其是一些民营船企，在金融危机的冲击下面临着休业停工、工厂倒闭的风险。中国作为近些年在国际船舶市场新起并占有一定市场份额的新生力国家，其产业结构尚缺乏合理化、企业管理经营制度相对不稳定、产品转型升级难度高。相比较韩国主攻“高附加值船舶”和日本发展“环保船”的市场目标，中国在船舶产品开发战略研究方面所做的改善少之又少，由此可见，国内对民营造船企业的发展和面临产品升级转型困境的关注度还很欠缺。

本文主要研究分析行业产能背景下民营造船企业产品开发战略，并以泰州口岸船舶有限公司为例，针对现有状况提出相应对策。首先，阐述了研究该问题的缘起、界定了研究内容和范围以及分析民营船企产品开发战略研究的意义；其次，介绍并解析了当下日韩船企的产品开发战略；在此基础上，介绍了在行业产能过剩背景下民营船企产品竞争力因素分析；然后则针对民营船企产品竞争力弱的现状，在产品开发战略研究的层次上，分别从产品成本、产品质量、产品技术创新、产品配套设施以及企业整合等五个方面提出具体的对策建议。最后，基于对泰州口岸船舶有限公司产品类型、生产状况、经营现状的了解，分析其产品竞争力弱的原因，并提出以下相关建议：改进生产工序，降低生产成本、加强高新船的技术创新与开发、加强船舶配套企业的合作。

关键词：产能；船舶；民营船企；产品开发；战略

Research on Product Development Strategy of Private Boat Enterprise under the Background of Overcapacity in the Industry

——Case For Taizhou Port Ship Co., Ltd.

ABSTRACT

Since the outbreak of the world financial crisis in 2008, various types of small and medium-sized enterprises in China have suffered a series of losses. The shipbuilding industry has taken the lead in China's pillar industries. In particular, some private boat companies are facing the risk of suspension of business and factory closures under the impact of the financial crisis. As a newly emerging country with a certain market share in the international shipping market in recent years, China's industrial structure is still lacking in rationalization, the management and management systems of enterprises are relatively unstable, product transformation and upgrading are difficult. Compared to South Korea's main target of “high value-added ships” and Japan’s development of “environmental protection ships”, China has made few improvements in the research of ship product development strategies. This shows that the development of domestic civil shipbuilding companies and there is still exist a lack of attention to the dilemmas of product upgrades.

This article takes Taizhou Port Ship Co., Ltd. as an example to study and analyze the product development strategy of the private shipbuilding company in the context of industry capacity. The full text consists of five chapters. The first chapter mainly describes the origin of the study, defines the content and scope of the research, and analyzes the significance of private ship product development strategy research. The second chapter mainly introduces the domestic and foreign research related to the shipbuilding industry and civil-property shipbuilding companies and enterprise product development. The third chapter introduces the analysis of the industry's production capacity over the remaining product competitiveness factors. The fourth chapter focuses on the current situation of privately-owned shipbuilding enterprises with weak competitiveness, and puts forward five countermeasures from the aspects of product development strategy research. The fifth chapter, based on the understanding of the product types, production status and operating status of Taizhou Port Shipping Co., Ltd., analyzes the reasons for the weak competitiveness of its products and makes relevant recommendations.

Key words：Capacity；Ship；Private shipping enterprises；product development；strategy

目 录

1 引言………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 研究背景…………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 研究目的与内容…………………………………………………………………………………1

1.3 研究意义…………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.4 研究方法…………………………………………………………………………………………2

1.4.1 案例分析法…………………………………………………………………………………2

1.4.2 文献研究法…………………………………………………………………………………2

1.4.3 访谈法………………………………………………………………………………………2

2 日韩船企的产品开发战略综述………………………………………………………………………4

2.1 全球造船企业发展现状…………………………………………………………………………4

2.2 国外船企产品开发战略研究现状………………………………………………………………4

2.2.1 日本加强企业联合趋势和“环保船”研究………………………………………………5 2.2.2 韩国正式开启“LNG动力船”时代…………………………………………………………6

3 行业产能过剩背景下产品开发研究分析………………………………………………………………7

3.1 国内民营船企发展现状…………………………………………………………………………7

3.2 行业产能过剩危机——“订单少”现状…………………………………………………………7

3.3 民营船企产品竞争力弱影响因素分析………………………………………………………8

3.3.1 成本优势逐渐被取代………………………………………………………………………8

3.3.2 产品结构单一化……………………………………………………………………………9

3.3.3 科技投入不足、技术含量不高……………………………………………………………9

3.3.4 国产配套设施水平停滞不前……………………………………………………………10

4 民营船企产品开发战略研究对策………………………………………………………………………11

4.1 改进生产工序，降低生产成本…………………………………………………………………11

4.2 提高产品质量、改善安全设施………………………………………………………………11

4.3 加强高新船的技术创新与开发…………………………………………………………………12

4.4 加强配套设施产品的研究与开发………………………………………………………………12