摘 要

如今，不可再生能源的大量消费不仅阻碍了可再生能源的可持续性发展，也造成了严重的生态问题。不仅地下水资源受到破坏，而且大气和土壤的污染也日趋严重。寻求可再生能源是中国解决能源和生态问题的有效方法。生物质能源约占全球能耗量的14%。在发展中国家，则占35%。世界上有25亿人一直在使用生物质能能源，利用率高达90%。生物质能的前景大有可为，将来势必会成为新能源时代的驱动力量。为了降低对进口石油的依赖和缓解环境问题的外交压迫，解决三农问题，建设资源节约型和环境友好型国家，特以生物质能为重点展开政策方面的深入研究。虽然我国政府的生物质能政策已经实施了近20年，但还是面临激励政策力度不够，资源利用率低，市场保障机制不健全，技术人才匮乏，产业体系薄弱等问题。本文梳理了国内外生物质能产业的发展及政策现况，并深入研究国内产业的发展状况、政策问题及战略实施，发现现行的产业政策缺乏持续性、明确性、可操作性、公平性，需要政府改善政策不足，在战略规划、法律法规、财税政策三方面齐头并进，大力推进生物质能源产业化趋势，从而构建系统性、完善性、科学性的生物质能产业政策体系。

关键词：生物质能；政策体系；产业化

The study of the policy of Biomass energy industry in China in terms of strategy, law, finance and tax

ABSTRACT

Now, the amount of non-renewable energy consumption not only block the sustainability of renewable energy, also brought the serious destruction of groundwater resource and ecological problems such as air and soil pollution. Looking for renewable energy is our most effective way to solve the problem of energy and the environment. In the world's energy consumption, biomass accounted for about 14%, and developing countries accounted for about 35% of the total energy consumption. There are about 2.5 billion people live in the world where more than 90% of energy are used in biomass energy. The prospects of biomass energy is blight and wonderful, it is bound to become a driving force of new energy era. In order to reduce dependence on imported oil, alleviate the foreign oppression of environmental problems, solve the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and build a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly countries, we focus on the further research of biomass’s policy. Policy of biomass energy in China has been implemented in recent 20 years, but still faces some questions,such as insufficient economic incentives, low utilization rate of resources, unsound market mechanism , lack of technical personnel, weak industry system and so on. This paper combs the situation and policy of biomass energy industry at home and abroad. By doing research on the domestic industry development situation, problems and policy strategy implementation, it finds that policy is lack of continuity, clarity, operability and fairness. The government should provide more reasonable policy and go hand in hand in the three aspects about strategic, laws, finance and tax.the fiscal and taxation policy. Thus doing that, it can vigorously promote the industrialization of biomass energy and build systematic, integrity, scientific system of biomass energy policy.

Key words: biomass; policy system; industrialization

目 录

1 导论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究目的和意义 3

1.3 研究内容 5

1.4 研究方法 5

1.5 创新点 6

2 国内外研究述评 7

2.1 相关概念的界定 7

2.1.1 生物质能的概念 7

2.1.2 产业政策的概念 7

2.2 生物质能产业研究述评 8

2.2.1 国外综述 8

2.2.2 国内综述 8

3 国外生物质能产业及政策现况 10

3.1 国外生物质能产业的发展概况 10

3.2 国外生物质能产业的政策现况 10

4 国内生物质能产业发展现况及战略实施 15

4.1 我国生物质能产业的发展现况 15

4.2 我国生物质能产业的问题 15

4.3 我国生物质能产业政策的战略实施 16

5 构建生物质能产业政策体系 19

5.1 我国现行产业政策分析 19

5.2 国外产业政策的借鉴与启示 20

5.3 生物质能产业的政策体系 21

5.3.1 制定分期规划，保障战略实施 21

5.3.2 加强地方立法，保证约束力度 24

5.3.3 优化财税政策，加强宏观调控 24

结论 27

致谢 28

参考文献 29

1 导论

1.1 研究背景

能源不仅是人类生存和发展的重要物质基础，也是促进经济增长最基本的因素。人类社会发展至今，能源做出了巨大的贡献，起到了支撑和保障作用。人类的能源利用经历薪柴时代、煤炭时代、油气时代到现在新能源时代的演变，能源消耗总量在不断增加（图1.1），能源结构也在不断变化（图1.2）^[1]。这样的能源发展模式，不仅提高了生产力，也对人类经济社会的快速发展起到了促进作用。

图1.1　过去100多年世界能源消费变化^[2]

图1.2　过去100多年世界能源结构变化

(资料来源：詹金斯,石油经济手册(第五版),1989;世界能源理事会,2050年及以后世界能源展望,1995)